Rallidae

Rails (family Rallidae) are small to medium-sized terrestrial and semi-aquatic birds found in a variety of habitats, particularly wetlands like marshes and reed beds. While some species, like coots and gallinules, are common, others are rare or endangered. Rails are generally omnivorous, feeding on invertebrates, fruits, and seeds. Their vocalizations vary widely, with loud calls helpful for communication in dense vegetation.

Most rails are shy and secretive, adapting well to damp environments. They have strong legs for walking and running, along with long toes for navigating soft surfaces. While generally weak fliers, they can cover long distances and some island species have become flightless due to the introduction of predators. Human activities have led to the extinction of many island rails, with several others remaining endangered.

Most species are thought to be monogamous, laying between five to ten eggs per clutch, although clutches can range from one to fifteen. Chicks become mobile within days and rely on their parents until fledging around one month old.