The common wood pigeon (Columba palumbus), commonly known as the wood pigeon, is a large bird in the dove and pigeon family (Columbidae), found in the western Palearctic. It belongs to the genus Columba and shares this classification with closely related species like the rock dove (Columba livia). With a diet primarily consisting of plant matter, particularly cereal crops, wood pigeons are often considered agricultural pests. Despite being extensively hunted, their population remains stable.
In colder northern and eastern Europe and western Asia, wood pigeons are migratory, while they are abundant residents in southern and western Europe. In Great Britain, they are frequently seen in parks, gardens, and urban areas.
These birds have a quick flight with regular wing beats and a distinctive loud clattering sound upon takeoff. During their nuptial display, they walk with their necks swelled and wings lowered, and they are known to form large flocks outside the breeding season. Wood pigeons often use trees and buildings for vantage points, and their characteristic calls make them more easily heard than seen.
