Tundra

A tundra is a biome where tree growth is limited by cold temperatures and short growing seasons, found in the Arctic, Alpine, and Antarctic regions. Its vegetation includes dwarf shrubs, sedges, grasses, mosses, and lichens, with some scattered trees. The boundary between tundra and forest is called the tree line. Tundra soil is rich in nitrogen and phosphorus and contains significant amounts of biomass stored as methane and carbon dioxide in permafrost, acting as a carbon sink. As global warming leads to soil thawing, greenhouse gases are released, which further contributes to global warming.