Treecreepers are small passerine birds in the family Certhiidae, found in wooded areas of the Northern Hemisphere and sub-Saharan Africa. This family includes eleven species in two genera: Certhia and Salpornis. Their dull plumage and expert climbing abilities allow them to search for food on tree surfaces.
Measuring 12 to 18 centimeters in length, treecreepers possess long, gently down-curved bills for probing bark for insects and spiders. They climb tree trunks in a helical pattern, using their long toes and curved claws for grip. Certhia species have longer, stiffened tails to assist with climbing, while the spotted creeper has shorter tails.
Treecreepers are primarily found in the Palearctic and Indomalayan realms, with one species in North America and another in sub-Saharan Africa and India. They inhabit forests and woodlands, with some northern species being partially migratory.
Generally unobtrusive, treecreepers are seen alone or in pairs and may roost communally. They forage by spiraling up tree trunks, mostly eating small invertebrates, though they may also consume seeds and fruits in lean times.
These birds are monogamous and territorial. Nesting habits vary: Certhia species nest between tree bark while the spotted creeper nests in branch forks. Incubation lasts 14 to 15 days and young fledge after 15 to 16 days.
