The Northern Isles (Scots: Northern Isles; Scottish Gaelic: Na h-Eileanan a Tuath; Old Norse: Norðreyjar; Norn: Nordøjar) are a chain of islands off the north coast of mainland Scotland. The climate is cool and temperate, significantly influenced by the surrounding seas.
There are two main island groups: Shetland and Orkney. In total, there are 36 inhabited islands, with the fertile agricultural islands of Orkney contrasting with the more rugged Shetland Islands to the north. Shetland’s economy relies more on fishing and the oil wealth found in the surrounding seas. Both archipelagos are developing a renewable energy industry.
The Northern Isles share a rich history influenced by Pictish and Norse cultures. They were part of the Kingdom of Norway before being incorporated into the Kingdom of Scotland in the 15th century. Additionally, the islands played a significant naval role during the world wars of the 20th century.
