A midge is a small fly from various families of non-mosquito nematoceran Diptera. They are found in nearly every land area except permanently arid deserts and frigid zones. Some midges, like sand flies and black flies, can transmit diseases, while others serve as prey for insects such as frogs and swallows. Additionally, some midges are important detritivores, contributing to nutrient cycles. Although their habits vary by species, midges within a family often share similar ecological roles.
