The great hammerhead (Sphyrna mokarran) is the largest hammerhead shark. Found in tropical and warm temperate waters, it inhabits coastal areas and the continental shelf. Distinguished by its wide cephalofoil and tall, sickle-shaped dorsal fin, this apex predator feeds on crustaceans, cephalopods, bony fish, and smaller sharks. Its cephalofoil is believed to help immobilize stingrays. The species is viviparous, with females bearing up to 50 pups every two years. Heavily fished for their fins, their populations are declining, and they are listed as critically endangered by the IUCN as of 2019.
The great hammerhead shark inhabits tropical waters worldwide. It prefers coral reefs but can be found in various marine environments, ranging from shallow waters to depths of 80 m.
This species is distinguished by its unique cephalofoil, which is nearly straight with prominent indentations, and a first dorsal fin that is tall and sickle-shaped.
Great hammerheads are active predators with a diverse diet, including crabs, lobsters, squid, bony fishes, and smaller sharks. They are known to hunt opportunistically and exhibit cannibalistic behavior. Their unique sensory organs allow them to detect prey, particularly stingrays, by sensing electric fields. Active primarily at dawn and dusk, they showcase a keen sense of smell, often being the first to arrive at baited lines.
