The European Goldfinch (Carduelis carduelis) is a small passerine bird native to the Palearctic region, including Europe, northern Africa, and western Asia, with introductions to places like Australia and the United States. Adult males have a distinctive red face, black-and-white head, buff or chestnut brown back, and a yellow-striped black wing. Females are similar but have a smaller red facial area.
Typically, these birds measure 12–13 cm in length, with a wingspan of 21–25 cm and weigh 14 to 19 g. Males and females are mostly alike, although males have a more extensive red mask. Juveniles are identifiable by their yellow wing stripe.
Goldfinches inhabit open, partially wooded areas and migrate from colder regions, especially during bad weather. They are found in many introduced locations worldwide, having established significant populations in countries like the U.S., Australia, and New Zealand.
Nests, built solely by females, are compact, located high above the ground, and made of moss and lichens. Females lay 4–6 eggs, which are incubated for 11–13 days. Both parents care for the chicks, which fledge after 13–18 days.
Their diet mainly consists of small seeds, particularly from thistles, but insects are also consumed when feeding young. European goldfinches are often attracted to backyard feeders filled with nyjer seed, especially in winter, when they gather in flocks.
