The common wood pigeon (Columba palumbus) is a large bird in the dove family, native to the western Palearctic. It is often recognized by its size (38–44.5 cm) and distinctive markings, including white patches on its neck and wings and a pinkish breast. Wood pigeons primarily feed on vegetable matter, especially cereal crops, which can make them agricultural pests. They are sociable birds, often found in large flocks outside the breeding season, and are known for their distinctive cooing calls.
During the breeding season, they build simple nests in trees, laying two eggs that hatch after 17 to 19 days. Males display aggressive behavior towards each other, especially when competing for nesting sites. Wood pigeons have a varied diet, enjoying leaves, grains, fruits, and even small insects. Their young grow quickly, benefiting from nutrient-rich crop milk provided by their parents.
Predators include the Eurasian sparrowhawk and crows, which threaten eggs and young birds. Wood pigeons have a relatively short lifespan of about three years, although the maximum recorded age is over 17 years.
