Batomorphi, also known as the superorder Batoidea, comprises cartilaginous fishes commonly referred to as rays. Classified as a division, batomorphs are part of the subclass Elasmobranchii, which includes sharks. With over 600 species in 26 families, rays are characterized by their flattened bodies, enlarged pectoral fins fused to the head, and ventrally located gill slits.
Batomorphs have boneless skeletons made of cartilage and typically possess five gill slits, though Hexatrygonidae have six. Their bodies are generally flat, with some, like guitarfishes and sawfishes, being exceptions. These fishes use their broad pectoral fins as wing-like appendages. Notably, they breathe by taking water in through spiracles located on top of the head and expelling it through their gills.
Most batomorphs inhabit the sea floor in various geographical regions, primarily in coastal areas, although some thrive in deep waters. While many prefer tropical and subtropical environments, a few species, such as manta rays, are found in the open sea, and some can tolerate brackish waters.
